The Complexities of Somali Gabays (oral poetry)

Attempting to understand Careys Cisse Kaarshe' Gabay "Wan iyo Waraabe" (The Lamb and the Hyena)

Somali gabay is a rich oral poetic tradition. It is a form of poetry that serves as a vital conduit for storytelling, community connection, and preserving Somali history. It is traditionally recited by skilled poets who use rhythmic and melodic verses to recount historical events, express communal emotions and impart cultural wisdom. If you wish to listen to the poem in discussion:

My parents introduced me to the art of gabay at a young age. They encouraged us to listen to Careys Cisse Kaarshe' Gabay's "Wan iyo Waraabe," meaning "The Lamb and the Hyena." The poem presents a dialogue between a lamb and a hyena, serving as an allegory for the impact of European colonialism. It opens with these lines: "Today, I recount a dialogue, a series of inquiries and responses. In the past, a hyena and a lamb engaged in conversation." This introduction sets the stage for a symbolic exchange, highlighting the complex dynamics of power and subjugation.

Allegory is a prominent feature in Somali poetry, and for someone of Somali heritage who grew up in the West, fully comprehending the subtleties of this complex language can be pretty challenging. It took me five minutes to translate the first line of the Gabay because finding an equivalent in English that captured the essence of Careys Cisse's original words was not straightforward. This Gabay is by far the most difficult to understand, at least to me. To deepen my understanding, I've turned to family and friends and even delved into the archives of a Somali Net Forum where passionate individuals have attempted to translate the Gabay. However, even within this forum, various interpretations speak to the layered complexity of the poem and the profound depth of the Somali language.

The consensus among my family, friends, and the SN Forum is that the lamb symbolizes Somalia. This interpretation is reinforced by the works of poet Careys Cisse, known for exploring Somali political themes. On the other hand, the hyena represents either the broader African continent, a neighbouring African nation, or perhaps a European power with colonial ties. Another perspective, though admittedly speculative and lacking direct evidence from the poem, suggests that the lamb and hyena could be allegories for Somalia and Somaliland, respectively. (however, if anyone wants to share their views on how the lamb and hyena are Somalia and Somaliland, please let me know!)

Initially, I was inclined to believe that the hyena represented a European power with colonial ties. However, this interpretation is somewhat challenging to substantiate, particularly when considering the lamb's opening statement: "Now that the world has left, my African brother, I no longer feel disgusted and now greet you. My message to you is short: With you, I seek no intention of nationhood; the land is mine; let us separate our paths on the day of reasoning. Have a good day. "This introduction implies that the dialogue occurred after Somalia's 1960 independence.

Additionally, the term 'brothers' recurs in the Gabay, notably when the hyena addresses them as such. However, one might question whether these views are sufficient to dismiss the notion that the hyena symbolizes colonial influence. For instance, my family believes that the hyena represents the remnants of European powers trying to reestablish ties and foster a sense of brotherhood with Somalia following its independence, which is why this topic is frequently brought up. I cannot assume the validity of this claim because I do not recall any European power attempting to reestablish ties with Somalia after 1960.

The hyena persistently attempts to convince the lamb of the advantages of allying, suggesting that it would be in the lamb's best interest. Recognizing that a significant power disparity marks the partnership the hyena proposes is crucial. To persuade the lamb, the hyena even refers to the lamb as their "younger brother," implying a familial bond. Furthermore, the hyena is willing to establish factories that would ostensibly assist and uplift the lamb economically. I wonder if this can be used to support the claim that the hyena symbolizes the African continent or a neighbouring African nation. If so, what African country was attempting to build an alliance with Somalia after 1960?

Initially, I believed that the lamb and hyena represented Somalia and European power, respectively. However, my certainty wavers as I delve deeper into my research and consider various viewpoints. An English transliteration of the Gabay would undoubtedly simplify my analysis. Despite these challenges, I have endeavoured to convey the diverse perspectives surrounding this discourse. While considering a more detailed examination of the Gabay, proceeding with this depends on whether I can secure assistance for a more accurate translation.

Cafis iyo Salam,

Ridwan <3